before India and after India’s situation in real world

The population of the Indus Valley Civilization and the society was 40,000+ people living in cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.

There was very little variation in the size and amenities of the houses, i.e. it was an egalitarian society.

The crops were wheat, barley, sesame, cotton. These people were the first to produce cotton in the world.

They used canals and wells for irrigation.

They made pottery, mill (wheel) vessels, colored jars,

copper and bronze tools, ornaments,

carnelian, steatite, and gold beads. A factory has been found in the city of Lothal of this civilization in Gujarat.

Trade was also carried out with other countries of the world, such as with Mesopotamia (Iraq) by sea. The images of ships and fish have been found on seals.

They used square stones (in mathematical proportions) for weight and measure.

They wore cotton and woolen clothes for clothing. (This is known from the first evidence of cotton cultivation that was found).

Women wore ghagras and shawls and men wore clothes like dhoti.

Women wore necklaces, earrings, bangles, gold, silver, and carnelian ornaments.

Women's braids are seen on the head ornaments.

#### **4. Food and Drink**

The main food of the people of this culture was wheat, barley, rice and for protein they ate fish, beef (early era), poultry, eggs, melons, dates, cucumbers.

They drank drinks like alcohol made from dates and grains. ("Bar" has been found in Mohenjo-Daro). Cows and buffaloes were kept for milk.

Two-story houses, with clean water and sewage, courtyards and kitchens, earthen stoves and storage for food., Such an arrangement was for living.

The "Mahasnanagara" (for religious bathing) of Mohenjo-Daro was built.

There were individual bathrooms in the houses..

They followed Buddhism which was called Prakriti Dharma. And they had religious faith towards nature.

The Brahmins named him Pashupati Shiva, a deity seated in the posture of a yogi on Prakrit Buddha postures.

The mother goddess was worshipped by the people of this culture. Female idols (believed to be associated with fertility) were believed to be associated with these people.

There was a practice of tree and animal worship. Peepal trees, unicorns have been found in evidence.

These people used to place utensils and ornaments in the graves during the last rites i.e. burial.

The unique features of the Indus Valley Civilization were that the culture of these people was a peaceful culture, no evidence of war or weapons has been found.

Urban planning, grid system, sewer system like today's era.

In arts and crafts, the statue of a dancing woman, terracotta pots.

Indus script has more than 400 unique signs (pictographs and phonetic combinations) in the language and writing system.

Indus script is mainly found on seals (short scripts of 2-6 signs.)

Indus script Since no known Rosetta Stone (multilingual inscription) has been found, it has not been decoded.

The language of the Indus script is thought to be Proto-Dravidian, (ancestor of Tamil, Telugu).

Some words (such as "meen" = fish) are similar to modern Dravidian languages.

Measurement systems in science and technology

Standardization of bricks (4:2:1 ratio), weight stones (in the ratio of 16).

Decimal system, numbers (1, 2, 3).

Rainwater harvesting and a network of wells were used in Dholavira for water management.

Sewerage system with a cover was used in the city of Mohenjo-Daro.

Sculpture in arts and crafts,

Bronze statue of a dancing woman (eyes gourds, in the hands Chudli). has been found.

A statue of Buddha in the posture of a yogi, surrounded by a tiger and a rhinoceros, has been found.

Carnelian beads with a design made of chemical dyes (very fine craftsmanship),

Gold bracelets were found in the tombs of Mohenjo-Daro.

The Indus Valley Civilization fell due to the arrival of the Aryans.

The people of the Indus Valley Civilization had close relations with Gujarat. Dholavira (Kutch) was the largest Indus site. It was spread over 47 hectares. A trilingual inscription has been found in this town.

The people of this town used to make a special platform for observing the sun and constellations to calculate time.